GLOSSARY FROM " V "

Ø V.90:A standard for 56-Kpbs modems approved by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU) in February, 1998. The V.90 standard resolves the battle between the two competing 56 Kbps technologies –X2 from 3COM and K56Flex from Rockwell Semiconductor. Both manufacturers have announced that their future modems will conform to V.90. In addition, most users who already purchased 56 Kbps modems will be able to apply a software upgrade to make their modems support V.90.
 

Ø VBScript:Based on the Visual Basic programming language. VBScript was developed by Microsoft as an answer for Netscape's JavaScript programming language. Like JavaScript, VBScript is embedded in to a web page where the script is interpreted and executed by a Web client. VBScript is often used as a replacement for DOS batch files. Programs written in VBScript will carry a .VBS extension.

Ø Vector Graphic
Vector images are made up of paths. A line,a square, a triangle, or a curvy shape are what constitute a path. Using these paths, simple and complex diagrams can be created. 

Ø VDD:Stands for Virtual Device Driver.
 

Ø Veronica:Stands for Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives. A database of menu names from a large number of Gopher servers. A quick and easy way to search Gopher resources for information by keyword.
 

Ø VGA:Originally developed in 1987 by IBM .Stands for Video Graphics Adapter. This is a lower level color monitor.
 

Ø Virtual Device Driver:In Windows systems, a special type of device driver that has direct access to the operating system kernel. This allows them to interact with system and hardware resources at a very low level. In Windows 95, virtual device drivers are often called VxDs because the filenames end with the .vxd extension.
 

Ø Virtual Environment:An environment that uses audio and video computer simulations.
 

Ø Virtual Machine:A self-contained operating environment that behaves as if it is a separate computer. For example, Java applets run in a Java virtual machine (VM) that has no access to the host operating system. This design has two advantages:

System Independence: A Java application will run the same in any Java VM, regardless of the hardware and software underlying the system.

Security: Because the VM has no contact with the operating system, there is little possibility of a Java program damaging other files or applications. 
The second advantage, however, has a downside. Because programs running in a VM are separate from the operating system, they cannot take advantage of special operating system features.
 

Ø Virtual Memory:When applications call for more random access memory (RAM than is installed on a computer, the operating system will automatically use empty sectors on the hard drive to simulate more memory. However, when this action is performed, a great reduction in the systems performance will be noticed. 

Ø Virtual Private Network (VPN):A data network that uses the public telecommunications infrastructure, but maintains privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures. A VPN gives a company the same capabilities as a system of owned or leased lines to which that company has exclusive access. However, costs are much lower because the VPN uses the shared public infrastructure rather than exclusive line access. 

Ø Virus:A program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. Most viruses can also replicate themselves. All computer viruses are manmade. A simple virus that can make a copy of itself over and over again is relatively easy to produce. Even such a simple virus is dangerous because it will quickly use all available memory and bring the system to a halt. An even more dangerous type of virus is one capable of transmitting itself across networks and bypassing security systems.
 

Ø VMS:Stands for Virtual Memory System.
 

Ø VoIP:(Voice Over Internet Protocol) A network that allows for real-time conversation by sending digital voice information in the form of packets over the Internet rather than the traditional circuit-committed protocols used by public telephone networks.
 

Ø Voltage Regulator: A device which maintains constant voltage in an electrical line in case of brownout.

Ø Virtual Private Network(VPN)
A network that is connected to the Internet and uses encryption to bring into order all data that is sent through the Internet making the entire network Virtually private, this is called VPN.
 

Ø VRAM: Video Random Access Memory. A kind of high-speed memory used for the computer's display. VRAM must be fast to keep up with the speed at which the screen is scanned. The VRAM in a PC is on a display adapter card.VRAM has two ports so it can send the data for text and images to memory and to the display at the same time.
 

Ø VRML:Stands for Virtual Reality Modeling Language. It's a form of application that gives a 3-D effect to pictures sometimes allowing you to "move" through them.

Ø VTAM:Virtual Telecommunications Access Method. The SNA software that runs on IBM mainframes and implements the functions of network control, network management interface, and SNA support for host based application programs. 

Ø VxD:Virtual Device Driver
<operating system> A device driver under Windows 3.x/Windows 95 running as part of the kernel and thus having access to the memory of the kernel and all running processes as well as raw access to the hardware. VxD's usually have the filename extension .386 under Windows 3.x and .vxd under Windows 95. VxD's written for Windows 3.x can be used under Windows 95 but not vice versa.
 

Ø VxWorks:An Operating System developed by Wind River Systems. It is a real-time software development environment and a multitasking operating system similar to; QNX, Lynx, pSOS etc.. VxWorks uses the VRTX kernel.